WASHINGTON (AP)– A judge has ruled that former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden violated secrecy agreements with the U.S. government that allow it to claim proceeds from a memoir he published. Federal Judge Liam O’Grady ruled that Snowden is liable for breach of contract with the government because he published “Permanent Record,” without submitting it for a pre-publication review. In the book, Snowden explains how he viewed himself as a whistleblower by revealing details about the government’s mass collection of information in the name of national security. Snowden was charged under the U.S. Espionage Act. He now lives in Russia in order to avoid arrest.